Scientific News

A selection of scientific articles on Cardio Pulmonary, Lung Function, Metabolism and Body Composition

Accuracy and repeatability of the COSMED® Q-NRG max mobile metabolic system

04 April 2025

This research evaluates the performance of the COSMED® Q-NRG Max metabolic system that measures key parameters like oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy expenditure. The study compared the system’s results with the Douglas bag method, the gold standard in metabolic testing, and found that the Q-NRG Max provide…

“Under the Bridge”: Looking for Ischemia in a Patient with Intramyocardial Coronary Artery Course - The Role of the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

12 July 2024

Many variables obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), including O2 uptake (VO2) versus heart rate (HR, O2-pulse) and work rate (VO2/Watt), provide quantitative patterns of responses to exercise when left ventricular dysfunction is an effect of myocardial ischemia (MI). Therefore, CPET offers a unique approach to evaluate exercis…

Periodic health evaluation in athletes competing in Tokyo 2020: from SARS-CoV-2 to Olympic medals

27 May 2024

The Tokyo Olympic games were the only games postponed for a year in peacetime, which will be remembered as the COVID-19 Olympics. No data are currently available on the effect on athlete’s performance. The aim of this study is to examine the Italian Olympic athletes who have undergone the return to play (RTP) protocol after COVID-19 and their…

Taking a walk on the heart failure side: comparison of metabolic variables during walking and maximal exertion

20 March 2024

Although cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard to assess exercise capacity, simpler tests (i.e., 6-min walk test, 6MWT) are also commonly used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cardiorespiratory parameters during CPET and 6MWT in a large, multicentre, heterogeneous population. The investiga…

Functional performance recovery after individualized nutrition therapy combined with a patient-tailored physical rehabilitation program versus standard physiotherapy in patients with long COVID: a pilot study

04 January 2024

Long COVID is suggested to be present in 14 to 43% of COVID 19-survivors. Literature on this new condition states a need for a multidisciplinary approach including physical exercise and nutrition. The hypothesis is that an individualized nutritional therapy, combined with individualized physical rehabilitation program may lead to a faster im…

The effect of mild to moderate COVID-19 infection on the cardiorespiratory fitness of firefighters

29 November 2023

An adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is critical for firefighters to perform the strenuous and physiologically demanding work of firefighting safely and effectively. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to negatively impact CRF in both the acute phase and longer-term following infection. This study aimed t…

Swimming With the COSMED AquaTrainer and K5 Wearable Metabolic System in Breath-by-Breath Mode: Accuracy, Precision, and Repeatability

09 November 2023

The study aims to compare ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses between the COSMED Aquatrainer coupled with the K4b2 and K5 wearable metabolic systems in breath-by-breath mode over a wide range of swimming speeds. Swimming with the AquaTrainer coupled with K5 (breath-by-breath mode) yields accurate, precise, and repeatable ventilator…

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in the Detection of Unexplained Post-COVID-19 Dyspnea

20 June 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been cases of prolonged symptoms, known as post-acute or chronic COVID-19 (long COVID). Detecting underlying causes of persistent symptoms in these patients can be challenging. In this recent report published in International Heart Journal, authors detail a 39-year-old male with excessive body…

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Place in Medicine

13 January 2023

The evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) predicts morbidity and mortality independent of commonly obtained risk factors isbeyond dispute. Observations establishing that the addition of CRF to algorithms for estimating cardiovascular disease risk reinforcesthe clinical utility of CRF. Evidence suggesting that non-exercise est…

‘‘Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’’

26 October 2022

Is exercise capacity reduced more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among those with long COVID-19 (LC) symptoms compared with recovered individuals without symptoms, and what patterns of limitations on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are common? In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 studies comprising 2160 part…

Oxygen Uptake Measurements and Rate of Perceived Exertion During a Marathon

05 July 2022

Although the marathon race has been democratized, it remains complex due to the famous “hitting the wall” phenomenon after the 25th km. To characterize this “wall” from a physiological and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) perspective in recreational marathon runners, we report first continuous breath-by-breath gas exchange measurements durin…

Metabolically efficient walking assistance using optimized timed forces at the waist

25 March 2022

University of Nebraska at Omaha - Department of Biomechanics - relied on COSMED K5 to measure the metabolic cost of walking with a robotic waist tether. The metabolic rate during walking can be minimized by providing assistance at the waist of individuals undergoing physical therapy. By focusing on the center of mass of an individual, the…

Incidence and affecting factors of pulmonary diffusing capacity impairment with COVID-19 survivors 18 months after discharge in Wuhan, China

12 January 2022

Studies have showed that long-term sequelae from COVID-19 may affect human respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune system etc. with a negative impact on the patients’ mental health, well-being and quality of life, but the lungs are the organ most likely to sustain serious impairment from COVID-19. The convalescent…

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in COVID-19 patients at 3 months follow-up

15 November 2021

Long-term effects of COVID-19 are of utmost relevance. This study aims to determine the functional capacity of COVID-19 survivors by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the characteristics associated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and the safety and tolerability of CPET. COSMED system (Quark CPET, COSMED, Rome, Ital…

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during the COVID-19 pandemic

06 May 2021

The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has presented a global public health emergency. Although predominantly a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, corona virus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) results in multi-organ damage that impairs cardiopulmonary function and reduces cardiorespirat…

Importance of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing amongst Subjects Recovering from COVID-19

25 March 2021

The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency. This prospective study explores the methodology of CPET to evaluate pulmonary damage…

Maximal Time Spent at VO2max from Sprint to the Marathon

20 December 2020

The study showed that VO2max is clearly elicited in all distances from the sprint to the marathon. A fast start and the time to reach VO2max is important in increasing VO2 kinetics and to improve exercise tolerance. The K5 portable breath-by-breath sampling system was used to measure VO2 and carry out the scientific study. Human locomotion natura…

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Healthy Men and Women

02 January 2019

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard method for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); Although CPX prognostic value has been firmly established in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal disease patients, it is less established in apparently healthy adults. This study, published by the Journal of the American Co…

Eliud Kipchoge sets new marathon world record

23 September 2018

Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge made history on September 16, by winning the Berlin Marathon in 2 hours 1 minute 39 seconds, confirming that is one of the best runner of the modern era. The Olympic champion broke the record set by fellow Kenyan Dennis Kimetto in 2014 by 1 minute and 18 seconds. After the race, Kipchoge, who also won in 2016 and 201…

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. What Is its Value?

25 June 2018

The role and the value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in cardiology has been examined in this review study on the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. This study discusses the modern key applications of CPET in CV diseases, with primary emphasis on HF, "starting from the principles that precipitate reduced exercise performan…

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