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Scientific News

A selection of scientific articles on Cardio Pulmonary, Lung Function, Metabolism and Body Composition

VO2Max and VO2AT: athletic performance and field role of elite soccer players

13 September 2016
The findings of a 12-year research period on elite football professional athletes were published in the Italian journal "Sport Sciences for Health". The aim of the research, conducted by the team of Italian sport scientist Danilo Manari, was to study the relations of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and oxygen consumption at anaerobic thresh...

Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope, an Objective Submaximal Parameter in Evaluating Exercise Capacity in Pulmonary Thromboembolism

06 September 2016
A new study was published in the American Journal of Medical Sciences highlighting the importance of a submaximal exercise parameter, the OUES, to identify exercise capacity of pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) patients. The objective of this article was to study the oxygen uptake efficiency, an index of cardiopulmonary functional reserve that can...

Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing Indirect Calorimetry Into Routine Clinical Care of Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

06 September 2016
A new paper tested how acceptable can be among spinal cord injury patients to undertake an indirect calorimetry test with canopy hood. In the absence of reliable predictive equations, indirect calorimetry (IC) remains the gold standard for assessing energy requirements after spinal cord injury (SCI), but it is typically confined to a research s...

Analysis of the body composition of Paralympic athletes: Comparison of two methods

06 September 2016
The ECSS Journal (EJSS, European Journal of Sport Science) published a new article examining the best methods to measure body composition on paralympic athletes. The study objectives were to describe the body composition of participants in three distinct Paralympic sports and to compare the values of body density and estimated body fat obtained...

Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

18 August 2016
The Mayo Clinic Procedures Journal hosts an article describing the project to create a registry of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reference values. Given the importance of CRF in estimating health risk, it is essential to have accurate reference values to know what constitutes a “normal” value. In 2014, a multi-institutional initiative, the Fi...

Abbreviated Steady State Intervals for Measuring Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

18 August 2016
A new cross-sectional secondary analysis was published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JPEN) focusing on issue related to the indirect calorimetry test in hemodialysis patients. Indirect calorimetry requires a steady state (SS) protocol to determine measured resting energy expenditure (mREE). Achieving stringent criteria for...

Portable open-circuit spirometry systems: a review

02 August 2016
A new review study has been published in the Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness discussing the validity, reliability and principles of operations of existing portable open-circuit spirometry system. Portable open-circuit spirometry systems are widely used in the field of exercise physiology, especially in field settings when freedo...

Early Infant Feeding and Body Composition In Pre-School Children

01 August 2016
A new study on the International Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health examines the association between early infant feeding and childhood adiposity. The objective for this study was to assess the relationship between infant feeding (exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and exclusive formula feeding) and childhood adiposity among pre-school ...

Prediction Equations Underestimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients With End-Stage Cystic Fibrosis

15 July 2016
A new study on the Nutrition Clinical Practice Journal demonstrates that the assessment of energy expenditure in cystic fibrosis patients requires indirect calorimetry and cannot be predicted by equations. Resting energy expenditure (REE) is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with end-stage lung disease due to chronic inflammation ...

2016 focused update: clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations

15 July 2016
This scientific statement is a focused update to the 2012 Joint Scientific Statement on Clinical Recommendations for Cardiopulmonary Exercise (CPX) Testing Data Assessment in Specific Patient Populations from the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR) and the American Heart Association (AHA). The purpose...

The prevalence of small airways disease in adult asthma: A systematic literature review

15 July 2016
A new review paper on the Respiratory Medicine Journal confirms the impact of small airways dysfunction and inflammation in adult patients with asthma. This systematic literature review analyzes the prevalence of small airways disease (SAD) in adult patients with asthma, and to ascertain how SAD prevalence compares between different studies whe...

Cross-Validation of Recent and Longstanding Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations

09 June 2016
The limited accuracy of currently in use predictive equations for Resting Metabolic rate (RMR) was assessed in a new study on the FASEB Journal. The objective of the present study was to test the validity of established (Harris-Benedict, WHO, Mifflin-St. Jeor) and contemporary (3 meta equations of Sabounchi and colleagues, 1 equation of Nelson ...

Methods of airway resistance assessment

09 June 2016
This recent paper published on the Polish Pneumology and Allergology Journal provides a clear and useful overview of the importance and the different measurement methods for airway resistance. This paper illustrates characteristics, clinical utility and limitations of main three methods of airway resistance — plethysmography, FOT and the interr...

Clinical Utility of Additional Measurement of Total Lung Capacity in Diagnosing Obstructive Lung Disease in Subjects With Restrictive Pattern of Spirometry

01 June 2016
A new article published on the Respiratory Care Journal highlight the clinical and diagnostic relevance of total lung volumes measurements in addition to spirometry. The present study was performed to evaluate how useful are different pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters to diagnose obstructive lung disease in subjects with a restrictive pa...

Validation of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing-derived variables to predict in-hospital morbidity after major colorectal surgery

01 June 2016
An interesting validation study of perioperative CPET as a diagnostic tool for in-hospital morbidity was presented by the UK Perioperative Exercise Testing and Training Society. This study explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after majo...

Role of Pregnancy Body Composition Changes on Pregnancy Outcome, and Infant Feeding on Infant Growth and Body Composition

25 May 2016
Body composition of pregnant women and its influence on infant body composition has been analysed in this scientific paper on the FASEB Journal. This project evaluated the relationship between pregnancy weight gain and maternal body composition (fat mass, fat free mass, percent body fat and percent lean body mass) changes on pregnancy outcome (...

New York Times on how sport science can help in breaking the 2-hour marathon barrier

23 May 2016
An extremely interesting article on the New York Times of the 16th of May 2016 describes the attempts of sport scientist Prof. Yannis Pitsidalis to produce a revolutionary marathon time. Pitsidalis audacious plan is to use science to facilitate a sub-two-hour marathon by 2019, a decade or two sooner than many experts think possible. A sub 2 hou...

The utility of pulmonary function testing in predicting outcomes following liver transplantation

19 May 2016
A new study on Liver Transplantation Journal focuses on the utility of Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) in predicting post liver transplant (LT) mortality and morbidity outcomes. While PFT is routinely performed in patients during the pre-LT evaluation, their utility in post-LT. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of obstructive an...

Cardiopulmonary exercise test and sudden cardiac death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

19 May 2016
A multicentre study published in the Heart Journal investigates the possible ability of cardiopulmonary exercise test in improving contemporary strategies for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) risk stratification. Given that most of the factors associated with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are also involve...

Optimising preterm nutrition: present and future

10 May 2016
A study published in the Proceedings of the Nutrition Society investigates the current findings on the management of neonatal nutrition in the preterm infant. The present paper provides a review of the current literature on the nutritional management and assessment of growth in preterm infants. It also explores several elements that may be esse...

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